I-HDPE noma i-PP? Landela ibhodlela, hhayi ilebula ye-polymer
Amafayela omkhiqizo amabili acatshangelwayo abonisa ukuthi ukukhetha kushintsha kanjani lapho okuqukethwe, ukubukeka, izivivinyo nobufakazi bokukhiqiza kushintsha.
I-HDPE imvamisa iyisiqalo esisebenzayo samabhodlela asekhaya namakhemikhali angacacile. Ibanga lokubumba i-PP lingase lihlale lisebenza lapho ukucaca, ukuqina noma izinga lokushisa lesevisi lishintsha kafushane. Ayikho impendulo esindayo ngaphandle kwebanga eliqondile nokuhlolwa kwebhodlela eliqediwe.
Ukuqhathanisa okuningi kwe-HDPE ne-polypropylene kuqala ngeshadi lesakhiwo. Lokho kusiza ekuhloleni, kodwa kukhuthaza isinqamuleli esibi: ukuphatha imindeni emibili ye-polymer njengokungathi ngamunye unokuminyana okukodwa, ukuziphatha kokugeleza, inani lomthelela kanye newindi lokucubungula.
Amaphothifoliyo abahlinzeki asho okuhlukile. I-Braskem ishicilela amamaki okubumba ama-polyethylene amaningi kanye ne-polypropylene osayizi bephakheji abahlukene nokusetshenziswa. I-SABIC ihlukanisa i-HDPE homopolymer, i-HDPE copolymer kanye nezinketho ze-PP ezingahleliwe ze-copolymer ekhasini layo le-bottle-material. Igama lomndeni liqala ukuqhathanisa; ayikwazi ukukuqeda.
Amafayela amabili angezansi angamacala okufundisa. Abachazi amakhasimende e-Kinggle aqanjiwe noma ukuhlolwa kwefekthri okuqediwe.
Ibhodlela lokuhlanza liqala nge-HDPE, bese liyayithola
- Umfushane womkhiqizo
- Ibhodlela elincane eliphathwayo elikhanyayo loketshezi lwasendlini.
- Okubalulekile komthengi
- Ukuhambisana kwamakhemikhali, ukusebenza kokuvuza, isibambo nokuncinza ubuqotho, ukusikwa okuphindaphindekayo kanye nokuphumayo okwamukelekayo.
- Namanje akwaziwa
- Okuqukethwe okuqondile, izimo zokugcina, ukuvalwa, isisindo, imephu yodonga, imikhawulo yokuhlola kanye nebanga le-resin.
Okuqukethwe kunquma ukuthi uhlu olufushane luthembekile yini
"Ikhemikhali yasendlini" ibanzi kakhulu ukuthi ingavunywa. Umnikazi wephakethe kufanele ahlonze okuqukethwe, ukugxilisa ingqondo, isikhathi sokugcina kanye nebanga lokushisa. Amagama e-SABIC nomthelela wokumelana nomthelela, ukumelana namakhemikhali kanye nokumelana nokucindezeleka kwemvelo phakathi kwezidingo zokukhetha amabhodlela angewona awokudla. Leyo imibuzo yebanga kanye nesivivinyo, hhayi izithembiso zengubo yawo wonke amabhodlela e-HDPE.
Isibambo kanye nolayini wokuncinza kushintsha idatha ibe ingxenye yenkinga
Inani le-plaque elibunjiwe alikwazi ukubonisa ukuthi ibhuloho lesibambo leluleke kanjani noma ukuthi i-weld yomsila ihlangene. Umdwebo womkhiqizo kanyevuthela isikhunta designnquma lapho isonto lihamba khona, lincinze futhi liphole. Izilinganiso zodonga, imiphumela yokuvuza nokuhlola okusebenzayo kuseduze kweshidi ledatha.
I-Opacity isusa isizathu esisodwa sokukhetha i-PP
Leli bhodlela alidingi ukufana ne-PET ecacile. Ukungaguquguquki kombala, ukuphela kwendawo kanye nesimo sephaneli yelebula kusebalulekile, kodwa ukukhanya okuphezulu akukona ukushayela kafushane. Amabanga afanelekayo okubumba i-HDPE ahlala ohlwini olufushane kuyilapho ithimba lihlola izimfuneko ezinzima.
Ibhodlela linevoti lokugcina
Ibanga eliqanjwe igama kufanele libe isonto elizinzile, lidlule efashini elihlongozwayo kanye nesikhunta, lisikwe kahle futhi liphumelele ukuhlolwa okuvunyelwene ngakho. Ukubukeka okuhle nge-pinch ebuthakathaka kuyisinqumo sempahla ehlulekile. Iumhlahlandlela wamaphuthaisiza ukwehlukanisa i-resin, i-parison, ithuluzi kanye nobufakazi bokupholisa phakathi necala.
Gcina ibanga elifanelekile lokubumba i-HDPE njengekhandidethi eliholayo. Ungayikhiphi kuze kube yilapho kuvunyelwana ngokuqondile okuqukethwe, imibhalo yebanga kanye nokuhlolwa kwebhodlela eliqediwe.
Kungani lokho kungekona ukunqoba kwe-HDPE kwendawo yonke
Ifayela A lisuse isizathu sokukhetha i-PP, lalondoloza izingozi ezisabalulekile futhi lanamathisela ukukhetha ekuhlolweni kwebhodlela. Lokho kuncane kunetafula lezinzuzo, futhi kuwusizo kakhulu.
Umhlinzeki we-resin ungumnikazi wedatha yebanga
Ukugeleza, ukuminyana, ukuqina, umthelela, ukushisa kanye nezibalo ze-stress-crack zigcina izindlela nezimo ziphrintiwe kumbhalo womthombo.
Umnikazi webhodlela ungumnikazi wemininingwane yesevisi
Okuqukethwe, ukuvala, ukugcwaliswa, ukugcinwa, ukuthutha nokuhlolwa kokwamukela kuchaza umsebenzi wephakheji.
Isikhunta sidala izindonga zendawo
Umugqa wokuhlukanisa, ncinza ijiyomethri, izimbobo, ukupholisa kanye nendlela yokudweba kuthinta indlela izinto ezakha ngayo.
Icala lixhumanisa ubufakazi
Umphumela udinga umshini oqanjwe igama, idayizi, isikhunta, iresiphi, impahla kanye nerekhodi eliyisampula.
Ishidi ledatha elifanayo lingadukisa womabili amaqembu ephrojekthi
Umthengi angase avule amadokhumenti amabili e-resin, azungeze inani lomthelela ophezulu futhi abize ukuqhathanisa kuqediwe. Lokho kusebenza kuphela lapho indlela yokuhlola, isifanekiso, isimo namayunithi kuqhathaniswa. Umhlahlandlela we-ExxonMobil HDPE, isibonelo, ulebula amanani ayo ashicilelwe njengajwayelekile kunemikhawulo ebekiwe. Iphothifoliyo yakwa-Braskem ibeka izindlela zokuhlola eceleni kwamakholomu ezakhiwo. Leyo mininingwane iyingxenye yenombolo.
Ifayela A kufanele libheke ubufakazi bebanga obuhlobene nokuchayeka kwamakhemikhali, ukuqhekeka kwengcindezi yendawo, umthelela kanye nokuzinza kwenqubo, bese uqinisekisa lezo zidingo ebhodleleni. Ifayela B lingase lichithe isikhathi esiningi kuhaze, ukucwebezela, ukuqina nezimo ezishisayo. Alikho iqembu okufanele liphromothe isimangalo sezinga lomndeni njengokuthi "PP ihlale icace" noma "i-HDPE ihlezi iqinile" ibe yimfuneko yokuthenga. Ibanga lekhandidethi lingaqhubekela phambili ngoba iphrofayela yalo ebhaliwe ifanelana nalokhu. Idlula kuphela lapho iphakheji eqediwe ihlangabezana nokuhlolwa okulawulwayo.
Idatha egelezayo idinga isiyalo esifanayo. Izinga lokuncibilika lokuncibilika kanye nenkomba yokuncibilika kungase kubikwe ngaphansi kwemithwalo ehlukene namazinga okushisa ama-polymer ahlukene. Ukuqhathanisa izinombolo eziphrintiwe ngaphandle kwezindlela zazo kungahlehlisa incazelo ehlosiwe. Umbuzo owusizo wethimba lomshini uqonde kakhudlwana: ingabe leli fomu lebanga elishiwo igama futhi libambe i-parison edingekayo ekhanda elihlongozwayo le-extrusion, ngomjikelezo ophindaphindwayo nebhodlela elamukelekayo?
Ibhodlela elicacile lokunakekela umuntu linikeza i-PP isizathu sokuhlala
- Umfushane womkhiqizo
- Ibhodlela elincane lokunakekela umuntu lapho umthengi efuna ukubona umkhiqizo futhi agcine umumo wephakheji oqinile.
- Okubalulekile komthengi
- Ukubukeka okubonakalayo, ikhwalithi yokuqedela, ukulingana kokuvala, izimo zesevisi kanye nokubumba okuzinzile kwe-extrusion blow.
- Namanje akwaziwa
- I-Haze eqondiwe noma ukucaca, udonga, ukuthintana komkhiqizo, izinga lokushisa lokugcwalisa, umhlobiso, imfuneko yokuwa kanye nebanga.
"Sula" kufanele kube inhloso yokwamukelwa
Okusobala, okuguquguqukayo kanye nokungafifi nje okuncane amathemba ahlukene. Iphothifoliyo ye-Braskem ihlanganisa amamaki e-PP angahleliwe e-copolymer yamaphakheji abunjwe ngokushaywa okusobala. Lokho kwenza i-PP ithembeke, kodwa akuqinisekisi ukubukeka kwalolu donga, iphakheji yombala, indawo yesikhunta kanye nenqubo.
Izimo zesevisi ezingekho zingaqeda icala
Umbhalo omfishane awukasho izimo zokugcwalisa nokugcina. Isimangalo mayelana nokumelana nokushisa singafika ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Umphakeli kufanele aqinisekise idatha yebanga eliqondile kanye nesimemezelo samanje sokuxhumana okuhlosiwe kanye nesifunda. Ithimba lephrojekthi libe selihlola ibhodlela elibunjiwe ngaphansi kohlelo lwalo lwesevisi.
Ukuminyana okuphansi akuqinisekisi ibhodlela elivunyiwe elilula
Amathebula abahlinzeki ngokuvamile abonisa amamaki e-PP ngokuminyana okuphansi kunamabanga e-HDPE. Lokho kungazisa izilinganiso zokuqala zesisindo, kodwa umthamo we-resin olinganayo awukona ukusebenza kwebhodlela okulinganayo. Ukuqina, umthelela, ukusatshalaliswa kodonga, ubukhulu bokuqeda kanye nokuhlolwa kunquma isisindo sokugcina.
Iresiphi endala ye-HDPE ayikwazi ukugunyaza i-PP
Ushintsho lomndeni we-polymer lungashintsha ukugeleza, amandla ancibilike, avuvuke, adonse phansi, izilungiselelo ezishisayo kanye nokupholisa. Umsebenzi obuyekezwe ngontanga ekwakhiweni kwejele usebenzisa idatha yenqubo ehlanganisa ukukhukhumala, ukunciphisa kanye nezinga lokushisa. Embonini, ithubhu elilengayo liyingxenye yesinqumo sezinto ezibonakalayo.
Gcina ibanga elifanelekile lokubumba i-PP lokuthuthukisa isampula ngoba ukubukeka kunikeza isizathu esiqondene nomkhiqizo sokuncintisana. Gcina ireferensi ye-HDPE kuze kuqhathaniswe ubufakazi obubonakalayo, obunobukhulu nobusebenzayo.
Amafayela awabelani ngowinile
Ifayela A linikeza i-HDPE inzuzo yokuqala ngoba ukuhambisana nobufakazi besakhiwo kushayela ibhodlela elikhanyayo. Ifayela B ligcina i-PP isembangweni ngoba ukubukeka kuyingxenye yomsebenzi. Kokubili kuhlala kunemibandela ngoba akekho onikeziwe ibanga eliqondile, izimo zesevisi eziphelele noma imiphumela yezingxenye ezibunjiwe.
Uhlobo lomkhiqizo, inhloso yokubukeka, isigaba sokuqukethwe okubanzi, uhlobo lwenqubo kanye nokuba khona kwamabanga okubumba kuyo yomibili imindeni.
Umdwebo olawulwayo, ukuvala, ibanga eliqondile kanye nenkatho, izimo zokuxhumana, okuhloswe udonga nesisindo, izindlela, okukhiphayo kanye nerekhodi lesilingo.
Ngisho namakhadi wamaphuzu esivivinyo kufanele abukeke ehlukile
Isivivinyo sebhodlela lokuhlanza kufanele silondoloze ubufakazi esibambeni, ulayini wokuncinza, isixhumi esibonakalayo sokuvala nanoma yikuphi ukuhlolwa kokuchayeka noma okokuthutha okudingekayo kumnikazi wephakethe. Ukubukeka kungokweshidi, kodwa okuncamelayo kwezimonyo okuncane akufanele kudlule ukuvuza noma ukwehluleka kokusebenza. Ukuhlolwa kokunakekelwa komuntu siqu kungase kunikeze isisindo esikhulu ekuhambisaneni kokubukwayo, ikhwalithi yokuqedela, umhlobiso kanye nethagethi ecacile yomthengi, kuyilapho kugcinwa imikhawulo enobukhulu kanye nokusebenza njengamasango okungaxoxiswana ngawo.
Lowo mehluko uthinta ukusampula. Ungawatheli amabhodlela avela kuzo zonke iziteshi nendawo yokukhipha ebhokisini elilodwa. Maka umshini, ukubuyekezwa kwesikhunta, indawo yezinto ezibonakalayo, iresiphi, isiteshi noma indawo yokukhipha kanye nokulandelana kwesikhathi. Linganisa amasampula ngemva kwesinyathelo sokunquma okuvunyelwene ngaso noma sokuqeda. I-avareji exubile ingafihla i-outlet ebuthakathaka noma ukukhukhuleka kodonga olubonakala kuphela ngokulandelana kwesikhathi.
Irekhodi lenqubo kufanele libonise izimo zangempela esikhundleni sokubeka amaphuzu wodwa. Rekhoda isimo esishisayo, izilungiselelo ze-extrusion kanye nekhanda, ukubuyekezwa kohlelo lwesonto, isimo samanzi okupholisa, izigaba zomjikelezo kanye nanoma yikuphi ukungenelela okwenziwa ngesandla. Uma iqembu lishintsha isilungiselelo esikhulu ngesikhathi sokuqhathanisa, maka isikhathi bese unquma ukuthi iwindi lokwamukela lizoqala kabusha yini. Uma kungenjalo umphumela ungase uhlanganise izinqubo ezimbili ezahlukene ngenkathi wethula isilinganiso esisodwa esikahle.
Ukuqulwa kwecala kudinga nemithetho yokumiswa. Ikhandidethi elingakwazi ukubamba inkundla ephephile, elawulekayo empahleni ekhethiwe akufanele iqhubeke nokukhiqiza amasampula akhangayo. Ikhandidethi elibumba kahle kodwa lageja ukuhlolwa okubalulekile komkhiqizo aliwi ngoba umjikelezo walo ubukeka uzolile. Lezi izinqumo zobunjiniyela, hhayi umncintiswano wobuhle phakathi kwezinto.
Izindleko zingena kuphela ngemva kokuba ibhodlela elamukelekile selikhona
Intengo ye-resin ngekhilogremu iyabonakala futhi kulula ukuyiqhathanisa. Ayiphelele futhi. Iyunithi yezohwebo iyibhodlela elamukelwe, eliqediwe. Ingxenye yokugcina yesisindo, ukusika izinsimbi, ukulahlekelwa kokuqala, umkhiqizo owenqatshiwe, isikhathi somjikelezo, umsebenzi ongezansi nokuziphatha kokushintsha konke kuthinta umphumela osebenzisekayo. Ibanga le-PP lokuminyana eliphansi lingavumela isilinganiso esithembisayo sesisindo, kodwa umklamo ungase udinge ukusatshalaliswa kodonga oluhlukile noma isisindo ukuze uphumelele ukuhlolwa komthelela nokubamba. Ikhandidethi le-HDPE elinenani elicashuniwe eliphansi lingase lilahlekelwe uma ibhodlela elidingekayo lingakwazi ukwenziwa ngokungaguquki.
Gcina isibalo sisobala: sebenzisa isisindo sebhodlela esivunyiwe sangempela futhi ubone isivuno esamukelwe kumuntu ngamunye, bese usebenzisa okokufaka kwezentengiso kwamanje okuhlinzekwe umthengi kanye nomthombo wenhlaka. Ungaphenduli indawo yaselabhorethri noma inani lekhathalogi yomshini libe yisimangalo sokulondoloza. Ukuqhathanisa kuba okukholakalayo lapho ukuthengwa kwempahla kungalandelela konke okokufaka kubuyele kukhotheshini, isampula elawulwayo noma irekhodi lesilingo.
Ikhathalogi ye-Kinggle idweba umngcele owusizo
Amakhasi amanje we-I-I-KGB2L, I-I-KGB5L, I-I-KGB15LfuthiI-I-KGB80Aklelisa i-PE kanye ne-PP phakathi kwemindeni yabo yezinto ezibonakalayo. Imigqa yawo ye-extrusion-capacity ibhalwe ngokuqondile i-HDPE.
IsekelweI-PE kanye ne-PP zingaphakathi kobubanzi bezinto ezishicilelwe zale mindeni yemishini.
IsekelweIzithenjwa ezingama-30, 55, 100 kanye ne-120 kuye ku-140 kg/h zilebulwe njengamandla okuncibilika kwe-HDPE.
AyisekelweLezo zibalo azikwazi ukuphinda zilebulwe ngokuthi i-PP throughput eqinisekisiwe, amabhodlela athengiswayo ngehora noma isiqinisekiso sanoma yiliphi icala lokufundisa.
Uma umthengi ehlongoza i-PP, i-Kinggle idinga idatha yebanga nesifinyezo somkhiqizo ngaphambi kokuqinisekisa isikulufu, ikhanda, inqubo kanye nokuphumayo. Uma umthengi ehlongoza i-HDPE, i-kg/h namanje ayithathi indawo ye-gross mass yesonto, isikhathi sokupholisa, isibalo sesiteshi noma isitolo kanye nesivuno esamukelwe. IUmhlahlandlela wokuhlola ukwamukelwa kwefekthriibonisa indlela yokuhlukanisa lezo zinombolo ngesikhathi sokuqinisekisa.
Imibuzo eyisithupha iqeda umhlangano
Yimuphi umkhiqizo nemidwebo yokuvala elawulwayo, futhi yiziphi izilinganiso ezihlolwayo ngemva kokusikwa?
Ibhodlela lizoqukatha ini, futhi yiziphi izimo zokugcwalisa, ukugcinwa, ezokuthutha kanye nokusetshenziswa okusebenzayo?
Imaphi amamaki e-HDPE kanye ne-PP aqondile ahlala ecatshangelwa, nedatha yamanje yabahlinzeki?
Yikuphi ukubukeka, isisindo, udonga, ukuvuza, ukwehla, ukulayisha okuphezulu, i-torque noma eminye imikhawulo echaza ukwamukela?
Imuphi umshini, idayizi, isikhunta, isiteshi, indawo yokukhipha kanye nokucushwa komfula okuzokwenza amasampula?
Isivivinyo sizobugcina kanjani ubunikazi besampula, izilungiselelo, ukulahlekelwa kanye nesizathu sokuthi ikhandidethi elilodwa lithuthuke?
Irekhodi eliwusizo liphetha ngebanga eliqanjwe igama kanye nesizathu esinqunyiwe. "I-HDPE ingcono" akusona isinqumo imboni engakhiqiza kabusha.
Letha ibhodlela kanye nekhodi yebanga
Thumela i-Kinggle ingxenye kanye nemidwebo yokuvala, amashidi edatha e-resin, okuqukethwe nezimo zesevisi, isisindo nesodo eliqondiwe, izivivinyo, okukhiphayo, icebo lombala kanye ne-regrind, ulwazi lwesikhunta kanye nobubanzi be-downstream. Impendulo isengaba i-HDPE noma i-PP. Kuyoba okungenani impendulo ebhodleleni lakho.
Xoxa ngezinto kanye nesilingo somshini
